تاثیر کارآفرینی بر رقابت‌پذیری اقتصادی در کشورهای عضو مجمع جهانی اقتصاد: رویکرد گشتاورهای تعمیم‌یافته(GMM)

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

2 کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم اداری و اقتصادی، دانشگاه گنبد کاووس

چکیده

عمده نگرانی‌های سیاست‌گذاران در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته و درحال‌توسعه رقابت‌پذیری ملی و چگونگی افزایش آن می‌باشد. هدف مطالعه­حاضر، بررسی رابطه بین کیفیت فعالیت­های کارآفرینانه و رقابت­پذیری اقتصادی در کشورهای عضو مجمع جهانی اقتصاد (WEF) با استفاده از روش تخمین­زننده گشتاورهای تعمیم­یافته (GMM) است. در این مطالعه 75 کشور عضو WEF در دوره 2018-2010 و برحسب مرحله توسعه اقتصادی در سه گروه اقتصادهای منبع­محور، کارآیی‌محور و نوآوری‌محور گروه‌بندی شد­ه­اند. رقابت‌پذیری یک کشور به عنوان متغیر وابسته توسط شاخص رقابت‌پذیری جهانی تعریف شده است و متغیرهای مستقل شامل دو شاخص سنجش کیفیت کارآفرینی (نوآوری و کارآفرینی با انتظار رشد بالا) است و متغیرهای کنترل مجموعه­ای از شش شاخص محیط کسب‌و‌کار و محیط اقتصاد کلان می‌باشد. نتایج به دست آمده بیانگر تفاوت‌های مهم و همچنین برخی شباهت­ها بین کشورها است. بنابراین، برای کشورهای منبع محور، عواملی مانند نوآوری، رشد اقتصادی، نرخ تورم، نرخ مالیات و هزینه شروع کسب­وکار عوامل تعیین‌کننده‌ی رقابت‌پذیری هستند. درخصوص کشورهای کارآیی‌محور، متغیرهای نوآوری، کارآفرینی با انتظار رشد بالا، رشد اقتصادی، سرمایه­گذاری خارجی، نرخ مالیات و باز بودن تجاری، از عوامل تعیین‌کننده‌ی رقابت‌پذیری هستند و نهایتا برای کشورهای نوآوری‌محور عوامل تعیین‌کننده‌ی رقابت‌پذیری عبارتند از: نوآوری، کارآفرینی با انتظار رشد بالا، رشد اقتصادی، نرخ تورم، نرخ مالیات، بازبودن تجاری و هزینه‌های شروع کسب­وکار. از این­رو، اقدامات سیاستی برای بهبود رقابت­پذیری در اقتصاد، با توجه به درجه توسعه­یافتگی کشورها متفاوت است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Competitiveness in the Member States of the World Economic Forum: Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohsen Mohammadi Khyareh 1
  • Amineh Zivari 2
1 D
2 D
چکیده [English]

The main concerns of policy makers in industrialized and developing countries are national competitiveness and how it can be increased. The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the quality of entrepreneurial activities and economic competitiveness in the WEF member states using the GMM estimation method. In this study, 75 WEF member countries were classified into three groups of resource-oriented economies, focus efficiency and innovation, in the period 2018-2010 and according to the state of economic development. A country's competitiveness is defined in the Global Competitiveness Index as a dependent variable. Independent variables include two indicators for measuring entrepreneurial quality (innovation and entrepreneurship with high growth expectations), and control variables are a series of six indicators for the entrepreneurial and macro-economic environment. The results show significant differences and some similarities between the countries. For resource-driven countries, factors such as innovation, economic growth, inflation, tax rates and the cost of starting a business are key to competitiveness. In relation to performance-oriented countries, the variables innovation, entrepreneurship with high growth expectations, economic growth, foreign investment, tax rates and trade openness are the determinants of competitiveness and ultimately for innovation countries that focus on determining the determinants of competitiveness: innovation, growth - expected entrepreneurship. High, economic growth, inflation, tax rates, openness to trade and start-up costs. Therefore, policies to improve the competitiveness of the economy vary according to the level of development of the countries.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Entrepreneurial Quality
  • Global Competitiveness Index
  • Innovation
  • Employment
  • Generalized Method of Moments O52
  • O11
  • L26
  • F6
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