تأثیر‌پذیری تجارت صنعتی در روابط ایرن با کشورهای درآمد متوسط بالا از دو کانال شکاف فناوری و فرایندیادگیری

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدة مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشکدة مدیریت و اقتصاد، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

10.30465/jnet.2023.45190.2028

چکیده

هدف محوری پژوهش حاضر سنجش اثرپذیری تجارت صنعتی با تاکید بر شکاف فناوری و شدت یادگیری در ایران با کشورهای درآمد متوسط بالا است. نمونه آماری مشتمل بر 97 کشور با درآمد متوسط بالا است که با ایران در گرو‌های کالایی طبقه‌بندی شده در سطح کدهای چهاررقمی HS طی سال‌های 2021- 2002 رابطه تجاری داشته‌اند. میزان تجارت صنعتی ایران و شرکا با معیار گروبل‌ولوید و داده‌های مستخرج از پایگاه داده‌ها و اطلاعات آماری بانک جهانی و سازمان توسعه و تجارت بین‌المللی محاسبه شد؛ آنگاه با توجه به ساختار داده‌ها در چارچوب الگوی دومرحله‌ای توبیت هکمن اثرات خاص صنعت و کشور بر تجارت صنعتی مورد بررسی قرارگرفت. نتایج مطالعه ضمن تایید غالب‌بودن تجارت بین‌صنعتی نسبت به درون‌صنعتی ایران و شرکا، بیانگر اثرگذاری اکثر متغیرها با علامت مطابق انتظار بر تجارت صنعتی است؛ به‌طوری‌که در بین شاخص‌های دستاورد فناوری، تنها شکاف مهارت انسانی اثر منفی بر تجارت صنعتی داشته اما شاخص‌های انتشار و ایجاد تکنولوژی اثر مثبت و معناداری را نشان می‌دهند. نتایج شدت یادگیری نیز با مقدار مثبت و معنادار، شواهدی مبنی بر افزایش تجربه روزافزون ایران جهت تولید محصولات داخلی مشابه خارجی با هزینه کمتر، دستیابی به دانش نصب و مونتاژ کالاهای سرمایه‌ای وارداتی ارائه می‌دهد. البته، نقصان اثرات سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی و تجارت صنعتی ایران و شرکا را می‌توان به موانع ورود مانند تشدید تحریم‌های اقتصادی علیه ایران نسبت داد.
:JEL طبقه بندی
.C25 ،C24 ،F14 ،F13 ،F10

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Affectability of Industrial Trade in Iran's Relations with High Middle-Income Countries: The Technological Gap and Learning Process Channels

نویسندگان [English]

  • samaneh noraniazad 1
  • yeganeh Mousavi Jahromi 2
1 Assistant Professor of Economics, Department of Economics and management, payamenoor university, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor of Economics, Department of Economics and management, payamenoor university, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

The main purpose of this article was to measure the effectiveness of industrial trade with an emphasis on the technology gap and the intensity of learning in Iran and high-middle-income countries. To meet these ends, the industrial trade using Grubel-Lioyed criteria for 97 countries over 2002-2021 at four-digit HS codes was calculated. Moreover, this study sought to investigate the specific effects of industry and country on industrial trade in the framework of Tobit Heckman's two-stage model, the databases, and statistical information extracted from the World Bank and the International Trade and Development Organization. The results of the study, while confirming the predominance of inter-industry trade compared to intra-industry trade of Iran with partners, indicate the effect of most variables with the expected sign on industrial trade. Among the indicators of technological achievements, only the human skill gap index has a negative effect on industrial trade while the rest of the technical indicators such as technology diffusion and creation showed a positive and significant effect. The results of the learning intensity also provide evidence of Iran's growing experience in producing domestic products similar to foreign ones at a lower cost and acquiring the knowledge of installing and assembling imported capital goods. In addition, the lack’s effects of foreign investment on intra-industry trade between Iran and its partners can be attributed to barriers to entry, such as the tightening of economic sanctions against Iran

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Intra-industry Trade
  • Inter-industry Trade
  • Gap Technology
  • Learning Process
  • Generalized Method of Tobit Hekman’s Two Stages Jel Classification: F10
  • F13
  • F14
  • C24
  • C25
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