اثرات داخلی و خارجی محرک‌های مالی تحقیق و توسعه(R&D): رهیافت مدل‌های داده های تابلویی پویای فضایی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم اقتصادی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران

2 استاد گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی و علوم تحقیقات تهران

3 استادیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران

4 استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم تحقیقات تهران

چکیده

محرک‌های مالی R&D شامل مشوق‌های مالیاتی، یارانه‌ها، گرنت‌ها و سایر انگیزه‌هاست که توسط دولت برای حمایت فعالیت‌های R&D اعمال می‌شود. عملکرد اقتصادی می‌تواند از کشورهای دیگر متأثر شود. در این مطالعه محرک‌های مالیاتی به‌عنوان حمایت‌های غیرمستقیم و سوبسیدهای مستقیم به‌عنوان حمایت‌های مستقیم در نظر گرفته‌شده است. هدف شناسایی مناسب‌ترین مدل فضایی و مقایسه این محرک‌ها با رویکرد مدل داده های تابلویی پویای فضایی برای دوره (2016-2005) و برای منتخبی از کشورهای اروپایی عضو سازمان همکاری و توسعه اقتصادی (OECD)، جنوب شرقی آسیا و آسیای مرکزی است. برای در نظر گرفتن رویکرد فضایی، از مجاورت جغرافیای و اقتصادی (تجارت دوطرفه و رابطه فناوری دوطرفه) استفاده‌شده است. با توجه به نتیجه آزمون موران خودهمبستگی فضایی برای کشورهای منتخب اروپایی (OECD) و جنوب شرق آسیا در دو حالت تجارت دوطرفه و روابط فن‌آوری دوطرفه و برای کشورهای منتخب آسیای مرکزی در فن‌آوری دوطرفه تائید شد. با تائید مدل (SDM) محرک‌های مالی دارای اثرات کل (اثرات داخلی و خارجی) است. برای کشورهای منتخب اروپایی (OECD) اثرات مثبت و معنی‌دار محرک‌های مالیاتی و سوبسیدهای مستقیم تائید شد. برای کشورهای جنوب شرق آسیا حمایت های غیرمستقیم اثر داخلی منفی ولی اثر خارجی مثبت دارد. در کشورهای آسیای مرکزی که ایران نیز جزو این کشورها است حمایت‌های مستقیم دارای اثر داخلی مثبت ولی اثر خارجی منفی دارند. همچنین اثرات مثبت محرک‌های مالیاتی برای این کشورها تائید نشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Internal and External Impacts of Research and Development (R&D) Financial Stimuli: Spatial Dynamic Panel Models Approach

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rogayeh Nazari 1
  • Kambiz Hozhabr Kiani 2
  • Ghodratollah Emamverdi 3
  • kambiz PEIKARJOO 4
1 Ph.D. in Economics, Islamic Azad University, Research Branch, Tehran
2 Professor, Department of Economics, Shahid Beheshti University & Tehran Research Sciences
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Branch
4 Assistant Professor of Islamic Azad University, Tehran Research Branch
چکیده [English]

R&D financial stimuli include tax incentives, subsidies and other incentives applied by the government to support R&D activities. Economic performance can be affected by other countries. In this study, tax incentives are considered as indirect support and subsidies as direct support. The goal is identifying the most appropriate spatial model and comparing these stimuli with the spatial dynamic panel model approach for the period (2005-2016) and for the selection of the OECD, Southeast Asia and Central Asia countries.
In order to consider the spatial approach, the geographic and economic proximity (bilateral trade and bilateral technology relationship) has been used. According to the results of the Moroccan test, spatial correlation was confirmed for selected European countries Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) and South-East Asia by bilateral trade and bilateral relations and for the Central Asian countries in bilateral technology. With approval of model (SDM), financial stimuli have total impacts (direct and indirect effects). For OECD and South-East countries, positive and significant effects of tax incentives and subsidies have been confirmed. The indirect supports have negative domestic but positive international impacts on Asian southest countries. In Central Asian countries where Iran is also a member of these countries, direct support has positive, but negative external impacts. Also positive impacts of tax incentives for these countries were not approved.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • R&D
  • financial incentives
  • indirect support (tax incentives)
  • direct support (subsidies)
  • spatial dynamic panel models
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