اقتصاد و  تجارت نوین

اقتصاد و تجارت نوین

تسهیل واردات، تحقیق‌وتوسعه دولتی و تمرکز بازار

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار گروه اقتصاد بازرگانی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری اقتصاد ، دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد بازرگانی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
10.30465/jnet.2026.52668.2236
چکیده
مسئلة محوری این پژوهش، امکان‌سنجی بازتعریف تحقیق و توسعة دولتی به‌مثابة یک ابزار سیاست صنعتی در تعدیل پیامدهای نامطلوب آزادسازی تجاری است. برای آزمون این فرضیه، آثار تسهیل واردات و تحقیق‌وتوسعة دولتی بر تمرکز بازار به‌وسیله تحلیل تجربی مبتنی بر داده‌های تابلویی منبعث از ترکیب‌یافته‌های دی‌لوکِر و ایکات (۲۰۱۸)، روبینُوا و سِبتی (۲۰۲۱) و اُ.ای. سی. دی (۲۰۲۳) برای دورة ۲۰۰۰-۲۰۱۴ و نمونه‌ای متشکل از ۲۱ کشور منتخب، موردبررسی قرار گرفته است. متغیر وابسته شاخص فرابُرد و متغیرهای مستقل شامل شاخص هزینه واردات، نیروی تحقیق‌وتوسعه دولتی (معادل تمام‌وقت) و حاصل‌ضرب این دو به‌عنوان کانال «بازخورد نوآوری عمومی» است. تخمین‌ها با استفاده از مدل اثرات ثابت دوسویه با انحراف معیارهای دِریسکُل و کِرِی گزارش شده و به‌منظور سنجش حساسیت، نتایج مدل اثرات تصادفی نیز ارائه گردیده است. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که درنظرگرفتن مجرای «بازخورد نوآوری عمومی» نقش قابل‌توجهی در تعدیل آثار تسهیل تجارت ایفا می‌کند و سرمایه‌گذاری دولتی در تحقیق‌وتوسعه می‌تواند تا حدی از افزایش تمرکز ناشی از تسهیل واردات جلوگیری کند. این یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که طراحی هم‌افزای سیاست‌های تجاری و نوآوری دولتی، به‌عنوان یک ابزار سیاست صنعتی، می‌تواند گزینه‌ای مؤثر برای حفظ رقابت و واپایش تمرکز بازار باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Import facilitation, government research and development, and market concentration

نویسندگان English

Ali Mazyaki 1
Sina Ashouri 2
Javid bahrami 3
Somayeh Shahhosseini 3
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Business Economics, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
2 Ph.D. Candidate in Economics, Faculty Economics, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Business Economics, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده English

The central aim of this research is to determine if public R&D can be redefined as an industrial policy tool to counterbalance the adverse effects of trade liberalization. To this end, we analyze the impact of trade facilitation and public R&D on market concentration using a panel of 21 countries from 2000 to 2014, combining data from De Loecker & Eeckhout (2018), Rubínová & Sebti (2021), and the OECD (2023). The analysis employs the markup index as the dependent variable, with the import-cost index, public R&D personnel (FTE), and their interaction term (capturing the "public-innovation feedback" channel) as key regressors. Estimates are reported using a two-way fixed effects model with Driscoll–Kraay standard errors to account for cross-sectional dependence, complemented by a random effects model for sensitivity analysis. The results demonstrate that incorporating the public-innovation feedback channel significantly modifies the estimated impact of trade facilitation. Specifically, public R&D investment is found to partially offset the rise in market concentration associated with Import facilitation. These findings suggest that a synergistic approach to trade and public innovation policy offers an effective strategy for preserving competition and curbing market power.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Research and Development
Innovation
Market Concentration
Import Facilitation
Trade Liberalization
 
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  • تاریخ دریافت 22 شهریور 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 26 آذر 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 27 دی 1404