بررسی اثر توسعه مالی بر نابرابری درآمدی در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته و کمترتوسعه‌یافته از نظر مالی

نوع مقاله : علمی- پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران،

2 استادیار گروه اقتصاد، دانشگاه بجنورد، بجنورد، ایران

10.30465/jnet.2025.50299.2165

چکیده

یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل مؤثر بر نابرابری درآمدی، توسعه و گسترش بخش مالی است. هدف اصلی مطالعه حاضر، بررسی اثر توسعه مالی بر نابرابری درآمدی در کشورهای منتخب توسعه‌یافته و کمترتوسعه‌یافته از نظر مالی، طی دوره زمانی 1998 تا 2021 می‌باشد. ابتدا شاخص ترکیبی توسعه مالی به روش تجزیه به‌ مؤلفه‌های اصلی (PCA) مورد محاسبه قرار گرفته و سپس مدل به روش حداقل مربعات تعمیم‌یافته (GLS) برآورد ‌شد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که توسعه مالی بر ضریب جینی (شاخص نابرابری درآمدی) در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته اثر معنی‎ داری نداشته اما در کشورهای کمترتوسعه‌یافته، وجود رابطه U شکل معکوس بین توسعه مالی و نابرابری درآمدی تأیید شده که مطابق با نظریه U معکوس گرینوود و جوانوویچ (1990) می‌باشد. همچنین تولید ناخالص داخلی واقعی سرانه در هر دو گروه کشورها، اثر منفی و معنی‎ داری بر ضریب جینی داشته است (باعث کاهش نابرابری درآمدی شده است). همچنین تأثیر تجارت خارجی بر ضریب جینی در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته مثبت و معنی‎ دار بوده (افزایش نابرابری درآمدی) درحالیکه در کشورهای کمترتوسعه‌یافته تأثیر منفی و معنی‎ دار داشته است (کاهش نابرابری درآمدی). همچنین نرخ تورم در کشورهای توسعه‌یافته تأثیر مثبت و معنی‎ دار بر ضریب جینی داشته، درحالیکه در کشورهای کمترتوسعه‌یافته، تأثیر ‌معنی‏ داری نداشته است.
طبقهبندی  JEL:
O16, O15, D33, C23.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of financial development on income inequality in financially developed and less financially developed countries

نویسندگان [English]

  • hanieh ranjbar 1
  • Masoud Nikooghadam 2
  • behnam elyaspour 2
1 MA in Economics, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran.
2 Assistant professor of economics, University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran.
چکیده [English]

One of the most important factors affecting income inequality is the development and expansion of the financial sector. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of financial development on income inequality in selected financially developed and less financially developed countries from 1998 to 2021. For this purpose, first, the composite index of financial development was calculated by principal component analysis (PCA) and then the model was estimated by the generalized least square (GLS) method. The results indicate that financial development has no significant effect on the Gini coefficient (index of income inequality) in developed countries, but in less developed countries, the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between financial development and income inequality has been confirmed, which is in accordance by Greenwood and Jovanovic's inverted U theory. Also, the real GDP per capita in both groups of countries has had a negative and significant effect on the Gini coefficient (it has reduced income inequality). Also, the effect of foreign trade on the Gini coefficient was positive and significant in developed countries (increase in income inequality), while in less developed countries it had a negative and significant effect (decrease in income inequality).
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Financial development؛ income inequality؛ panel data؛ principal component analysis (PCA)؛ generalized least squares (GLS) JEL Classification: O16
  • O15
  • D33
  • C23
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