Analyzing the Effect of Liquidity on Asset Pricing: using Epstein-Zin Model in the Iranian Capital Market

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD Student in Economics, Sistan and Baluchestan University

2 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Sistan and Baluchestan University

Abstract

Liquidity is one of the most important aspects of development in financial markets and one
of the risk factors of financial assets. In this study, liquidity risk is also used as a factor to
modify the Epstein-Zin model, and its performance is evaluated against traditional
consumption-based asset pricing models. In order to adjust the Epstein-Zin model in this
study, the liquidity factors of Liu (2006), Turnover ratio, Gopalan and cGibbs have been
applied and the used data are for 48 stock companies from 2009 to 2017. The results
indicate that the adjusted model has a higher adjusted- than the traditional consumptionbased
capital asset pricing model and the traditional Epstein-Zin model, and indicates that
liquidity is a significant risk factor and adds a significant explanatory power to model.
Thus, overall, the results of this study show that liquidity risk is a pricing factor and its
incorporation into pricing models leads to improved model performance.

Keywords


احمدپور، احمد و مروی­زاده، فرشته (1395). ریسک نقدینگی و تاثیر آن بر بازده مازاد در شرکت­های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی مدیریت مالی و تامین مالی، سال 4، شماره 3، صص.77-90
بهرام­فر، نقی و فاضلی، نقی (1390). بررسی رابطه شاخص­های نقدینگی و نرخ بازده مورد انتظار. فصلنامه بورس اوراق بهادار، شماره 29،صص. 55-46
رادنیا، مرجان؛ پهلوانی، مصیب؛ شهیکی تاش، محمد نبی و روشن، رضا (1395)، قیمت­گذاری دارایی­های سرمایه­ای مبتنی بر مصرف با استفاده از توابع مطلوبیت بازگشتی، مجله ایرانی مطالعات اقتصادی، دوره 5، شماره1، صص. 78-65
زمانی، شیوا و فغانی کندری، پگاه (1395)، محاسبه میزان نقدشوندگی سهام بورس تهران و بررسی عوامل اثرگذار بر آن، چشم­انداز مدیریت مالی، دوره 6، شماره 13، صص. 80-61
قائمی، حسین. و طوسی، سعید (1385). بررسی عوامل موثر بر بازده سهام عادی شرکت­های پذیرفته شده در بورس اوراق بهادار تهران. پیام مدیریت، دوره 18، شماره 17، 175-159
قالیباف، حسن و پورفرد، شهروز (1395)، قیمت­گذاری ریسک نقدشوندگی در بازار بورس اوراق بهادار تهران، فصلنامه سیاست­های مالی و اقتصادی، دوره4، شماره 16، صص. 65-29
محمدزاده، اعظم؛ شهیکی تاش، محمد نبی و روشن، رضا (1394)، مقایسه مدل­های قیمت­گذاری دارایی­های سرمایه­ای مبتنی بر مصرف (CCAPM) و مبتنی بر مخارج مصرفی مسکن (HCCAPM) در توضیح بازده سهام در ایران، فصلنامه نظریه­های کاربردی اقتصاد، دوره2، شماره 3، صص. 72-49
Abhyankar, A., Klinkowska, O. & Lee, S., (2015), Consumption risk and the cross-section of government bond returns, Journal of Empirical Finance, Vol. 32, pp. 180-200
Acharya, V.V & Pedersen, L.H. (2005), Asset pricing with liquidity risk, Journal of  Financial Economics, Vol. 77, No. 2, pp. 375–410
Altay, E. & Calgici, C. (2019), Liquidity adjusted capital asset pricing model in an emerging market: Liquidity risk in Borsa Istanbul, Borsa Istanbul Review, Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 297-309
Amihud, Y. & Mendelson. (1986), Illiquidity and stock return cross sectional and time-series effect, Journal of Financial market, Vol. 5, pp. 31-58
Amihud, Y. (2002), Illiquidity and stock returns: cross-section and time-series effects, Journal of Finance Market, Vol. 5, pp. 31–56
Baker, M., & Stein, J. (2003), Market Liquidity as a Sentiment Indicator, Journal of Financial Market, Vol. 7, pp. 271-299
Cochran, J. H. (2005), Asset pricing, revised edition, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Epstein, Larry G. & Stanley E Zin. (1991), Substitution, risk aversion, and the temporal behavior of consumption and asset returns: An empirical analysis, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 99, pp. 263-286.
Epstein, Larry G., & Stanley E. Zin. (1989), Substitution, risk aversion, and the temporal behavior of consumption and asset returns: A theoretical framework, Econometrica, Vol. 57, pp. 937-969.
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (2004), The Capital Asset Pricing Model: Theory and Evidence, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 25–46
Fama, E. F., & MacBeth, J. D. (1973), Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 607–636
Fama, E. F., & French, K. R. (1992), The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns, Journal of Finance, Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 427–465
Gopalan, R.; Kadan, O. & Pevzner, M. (2009), Managerial Decisions, Asset Liquidity, and Stock Liquidity, EFA 2009 Bergen Meetings Paper.
Hasbrouck, J. (2004), “Liquidity in the futures pits: inferring market dynamics from incomplete data”, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 305-326
Hasbrouck, J. (2009), Trading costs and returns for U.S. equities: estimating effective costs from daily data, Journal of Finance, Vol. 64, No. 3, pp. 1445–1477
Kandel, S., Stambaugh, R.F, (1995), Portfolio inefficiency and the cross-section of expected returns, Journal of Finance Vol. 50, pp. 157–184.
Lam K.S.K. & Tam, L.H.K. (2011), Liquidity & Asset Pricing: Evidence from the Hong Kong Stock Market, Journal of Banking & Finance, No. 35, pp. 2217–2230
Liu, W. (2006), A liquidity augmented capital asset pricing model, Journal of financial Economics, Vol. 82, pp. 631–671
Liu, W., Luo D. & Zhao H. (2015), Transaction costs, liquidity risk, and the CCAPM, Journal of Banking & Finance, Vol. 63, pp. 126–145
Liu, W., Luo D. & Zhao H. (2016), The Epstein-Zin Model with Liquidity Extension, The Financial Review, Vol. 51, No. 1, pp. 113-146
Márquez, E., Nieto, B & Rubio, G., (2014), Stock returns with consumption and illiquidity risks, International Review of Economics and Finance, Vol. 29, pp. 57–74
Merton, R. C. (1969), Lifetime portfolio selection under uncertainty: The continuous-time case, Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 51, pp. 247-257
Pastor, L & Stambaugh, R.F. (2003), Liquidity risk and expected stock returns, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 111, pp. 642–685
Roll, R. (1984), A Simple implicit Measure of the effective Bid-Ask Spread in an Efficient Market, The Journal  of Finance, Vol. 39, No. 4, pp. 1127-1139
Sadka, R. (2006), Momentum and Post-Earnings-Announcement Drift Anomalies: The Role of Liquidity Risk, Journal of Financial Economics, Vol. 80, No. 2, pp. 309-349.
Yogo, M. (2006), A consumption-based explanation of expected stock returns, Journal of Finance, Vol. 61, pp. 539-580